Dezfūl
Dezfūl, city, southwestern Iran. It lies on the high left bank of the Dez River, 469 feet (143 metres) in elevation, close to the foothills of the Zagros Mountains. The name, which means “fort-bridge,” is derived from structures the Sasanians built there; still spanning the river is the imposing bridge, 1,345 feet (410 metres) long, that was allegedly erected by King Shāpūr II (died 379). The city witnessed riots by the local people in 1978, prior to the Iranian Revolution. Iraqi planes attacked Dezfūl during the Iran-Iraq War (1980–88). Dezfūl is the principal winter market for the Lorestān (Luristan) region’s nomadic population; it connects by road with the highland and with Ahvāz. The Trans-Iranian Railway stops on the other side of the river, and there is an airfield. The great Dez Dam (formerly Pahlavi Dam), 20 miles (32 km) upstream, was designed to provide abundant power and to increase irrigation. It is one of the largest dams in the Middle East—666 feet (203 metres) high and 696 feet (212 metres) wide at the crest—and until the late 1960s it was the largest development project in Iran. Pop. (2011) 248,380; (2016) 264,709.