Douala, city and chief port of Cameroon. It is situated on the southeastern shore of the Wouri River estuary, on the Atlantic Ocean coast about 130 miles (210 km) west of Yaoundé.
Douala served as the capital of the German Kamerun protectorate from 1884 to 1902. It again served as the capital of Cameroon in 1940–46. With its mixture of traditional, colonial, and modern architecture, Douala has grown rapidly since World War II and is the most populous city in the republic. Western-style residential areas alternate with neighborhoods inhabited by unskilled migrants from rural Cameroon and other African countries.
One of the major industrial centers of central Africa, Douala houses breweries, textile factories, and palm-oil, soap, and food-processing plants. It also produces building materials, metalwork, plastics, glass, paper, bicycles, and timber products. Other activities include boat and ship repairing, railway engineering, and radio assembly. Offshore reserves of petroleum and natural gas had not been exploited by the early 2000s. Douala’s deepwater port handles most of the country’s overseas trade. It has special installations for handling timber products, bananas, gasoline, and bauxite, as well as fishing facilities.
The Wouri Bridge, 5,900 feet (1,800 meters) long, joins Douala to the port of Bonabéri and carries both road and rail traffic to western Cameroon. The city is connected by road to all major towns in Cameroon, has rail links to Kumba, Nkongsamba, Yaoundé, and Ngaoundéré, and is served by an international airport.
Douala houses a branch (economics) of the University of Yaoundé; a variety of commercial, agricultural, and industrial schools; and research institutes for health, forestry, textiles, oilseed derivatives, and meteorology. A museum and a handicraft center encourage the production and preservation of Cameroonian art. Pop. (2005) 1,906,962; (2010 est.) 2,125,000.