Abner Doubleday

Abner Doubleday (born June 26, 1819, Ballston Spa, N.Y., U.S.—died Jan. 26, 1893, Mendham, N.J.) was a U.S. Army officer, once thought to be the inventor of baseball.

Doubleday attended school in Auburn and Cooperstown, N.Y., and in 1838 he was appointed a cadet in the U.S. Military Academy (graduating in 1842). He was an artillery officer in the Mexican War and fought in the Seminole War in Florida (1856–58). At Fort Sumter, S.C., he commanded the gunners that fired the first shots by the North in the American Civil War. He fought at Bull Run (second battle), Antietam, Fredericksburg, and Gettysburg. He held the temporary rank of major general of volunteers in 1862–63, received the permanent rank of colonel in 1867, and retired from the army in 1873.

In 1907 a commission appointed by Albert G. Spalding published its conclusion that Doubleday formulated the essential rules of baseball in the summer of 1839 at Cooperstown, N.Y., where he was an instructor in a military preparatory school. Hence Cooperstown was chosen as the site of the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum, although it was later proved that Doubleday was not in Cooperstown in 1839.

The Spalding Commission’s finding that the national game was of purely American origin was discredited by subsequent inquiries confirming baseball’s evident connection with the older English game variously called rounders, feeder, or base ball.