Lisa Murkowski (born May 22, 1957, Ketchikan, Alaska, U.S.) is an American politician who was appointed as a Republican to the U.S. Senate from Alaska in 2002 and took office the following year. She was elected to that body in 2004.
Her father, Frank Murkowski, was an Alaskan banker turned politician who later served as a U.S. senator (1981–2002) and as governor (2002–06). After studying economics at Georgetown University (B.A., 1980), Lisa Murkowski received a law degree (1985) from Willamette University in Salem, Oregon. She then moved to Anchorage, Alaska, where she worked in the district court and in private legal practice. In 1987 she married Verne Martell, and the couple later had two children.
In 1998 Murkowski ran for and was elected to the Alaska House of Representatives. In 2002 her father left the U.S. Senate to become governor, and in one of his first acts in office he selected her to serve out the remainder of his Senate term. She assumed the post the following year, and in 2004 she was elected to a full term. In 2010 Murkowski ran for reelection but was defeated in the Republican primary by a Tea Party challenger. She then launched a write-in campaign and won the general election. It was the first successful Senate write-in effort since Strom Thurmond’s election in 1954.
In the Senate, Murkowski initially developed a reputation as a conservative with some of the libertarian positions typical of politicians in the American West. Following her write-in victory, however, she often took a more moderate view, though she generally voted with her party, especially in opposition to federal agencies with oversight on Alaskan affairs (in particular, the Environmental Protection Agency and the Department of the Interior). She also pushed to open the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge to oil exploration and production. However, she often broke with Republicans on social issues. She notably voted to repeal (2010) “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell,” which prohibited openly gay men and women from serving in the U.S. military, and she supported same-sex marriage. In addition, she voted in favor of abortion rights legislation and voiced qualified support for stem cell research.
During the 2016 U.S. presidential election, Murkowski announced that she would not vote for the Republican nominee, Donald Trump, after a hot-mic video from an infotainment TV show in 2005 surfaced in which he boasted about sexual exploits that were grounded in predatory behavior. Trump ultimately won the election, and she supported some of his initiatives, notably a sweeping tax reform bill (2017). However, Murkowski opposed the various Republican measures to repeal all or parts of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA), and the PPACA remained intact. In regard to Trump’s Supreme Court nominees, she voted for Amy Coney Barrett (2020) but opposed Brett Kavanaugh (2018), who faced allegations of sexual misconduct. In a rare Senate maneuver, she voted “present” on his confirmation, though Kavanaugh ultimately secured enough votes.
In 2019 Trump was impeached by the House of Representatives after he allegedly withheld aid to Ukraine in order to pressure the country into opening a corruption investigation into Joe Biden (in 2020 Biden became the Democratic presidential nominee). The Senate trial was held in early 2020, and Murkowski voted to acquit Trump in an almost party-line vote. However, she called his actions “shameful and wrong.” In the 2020 election Trump was defeated by Biden, but Trump contested the results, repeatedly alleging voter fraud despite the lack of evidence to support his claims. On January 6, 2021, Trump supporters stormed the Capitol as Congress was in the process of certifying Biden’s victory. Many accused Trump of encouraging the attack, and the House of Representatives impeached him shortly before he left office. In the Senate trial that followed, Murkowski was one of seven Republican senators who voted to convict; Trump was acquitted.
In 2022 Biden nominated Ketanji Brown Jackson to the Supreme Court, and Murkowski voted for her confirmation. That year the Court overturned Roe v. Wade (1973), which had established a constitutional right to abortion. Murkowski, who supported women’s reproductive freedom, spoke out against the decision. She later cosponsored legislation to codify abortion rights. Also in 2022 Murkowski found herself in a particularly difficult reelection bid, facing the ire of Trump and his supporters over her 2021 impeachment vote.