Edessa, city and dímos (municipality), Central Macedonia (Modern Greek: Kendrikí Makedonía) periféreia (region), northern Greece. It is situated on a steep bluff above the valley of the Loudhiás Potamós (river). A swift, fragmented stream flowing through the city was known in ancient times as the Skirtos (“Leaper”) and since the Middle Ages as the Vódhas (Slavic voda, “water”) and now as the Edhessaíos Potamós. Its waterfalls are celebrated and attract numerous visitors. A prominent trading and agricultural centre, Edessa also manufactures carpets and textiles and is the seat of the metropolitan bishop of Edessa and Pella (Pélla).
The assumption that Edessa was the location of Aigai, the first capital of ancient Macedonia, was seriously challenged by the discovery in 1977 of royal tombs of Macedonian leaders at Verghina, southeast of Véroia, including one identified as that of Philip II. In Roman times Edessa was a stop on the Via Egnatia connecting the Adriatic Sea with the Aegean Sea, and a Roman or Byzantine bridge span of that highway survives in the city. Fought over by the Bulgarians, Byzantines, and Serbs, Edessa was taken by the Turks in the 15th century. In 1912 it passed to Greece. Pop. (2001) city, 18,493; municipality, 29,568; (2011) city 18,229; municipality, 28,814.