Eisenerz, town, east-central Austria, in the Erzbach Valley, at the northern foot of Erzberg (Ore Mountain; 5,033 feet [1,534 metres]), northwest of Leoben. Iron was mined on Erzberg by terraced open-pit methods beginning in Roman times, and Eisenerz (“Iron Ore”) was long the principal centre of Austrian iron mining. The decline of iron mining in the late 20th century led to significant layoffs, and the town’s population fell by more than one-third between 1981 and 2001. The population continued to drop in the early 21st century. Notable landmarks include the fortified St. Oswald’s Church (1279–1517), the old mining Shift Tower with a bell that signaled changes of shifts in the mine (1581), and a mining museum. A few miles northwest of Eisenerz are the castle of Leopoldstein and the Leopoldsteiner See, a lake 1.5 miles (2.4 km) long. Pop. (2008) 5,773.