Rabbe Enckell (born March 3, 1903, Tammela, Finland—died June 17, 1974, Helsinki) was a Finnish poet, playwright, and critic, a leading representative of the Swedo-Finnish poetic revival that began in the 1920s.
Enckell studied art in France and Italy. His first collection of impressionistic nature poems, Dikter, appeared in 1923. In this collection and a sequel, Flöjtblåsarlycka (1925; “The Flutist’s Happiness”), Enckell describes with a painter’s eye the exquisite nuances in the phenomena of nature. A modernist, he was associated with the avant-garde journal Quosego in 1928–29. After writing a few semiautobiographical novels, including Ljusdunkel (1930; “Chiaroscuro”), Enckell returned to poetry with Vårens cistern (1931; “The Cistern of Spring”), followed by Tonbrädet (1935; “The Sounding Board”). His poetic diction became more modern and contained reminiscences of the work of T.S. Eliot. Valvet (“The Vault”), another collection of his poems, appeared in 1937.
A student of classical poetry and mythology, Enckell made use of classical parallels to dramatize the problems of his time in a series of verse plays including Orfeus och Eurydike (1938) and Alkman (1959). Enckell reflects upon this continuous preoccupation with the classical myths of Greece in his most remarkable collection of poetry, Andedräkt av koppar (1946; “Breath of Copper”). In 1960 he was made poet laureate of Swedish Finland.