epilogue, a supplementary element in a literary work.
The term epilogue carries slightly different meanings in nondramatic and dramatic works. In the former, the epilogue is the conclusion or final part that serves typically to round out or complete the design of the work. In this context it is sometimes also called an afterword. In a dramatic work, the epilogue is a speech, often in verse, addressed to the audience by one or more of the actors at the end of a play, such as that at the end of Henry VIII, a play often attributed to William Shakespeare and John Fletcher:
’Tis ten to one this play can never please
All that are here. Some come to take their ease,
And sleep an act or two; but those, we fear,
We have frighted with our trumpets; so ’tis clear,
They’ll say ’tis naught; others, to hear the city
Abused extremely, and to cry, “That’s witty!”
Which we have not done neither. That, I fear,
All the expected good we’re like to hear
For this play at this time is only in
The merciful construction of good women;
For such a one we show’d ’em. If they smile,
And say ’twill do, I know, within a while
All the best men are ours; for ’tis ill hap,
If they hold when their ladies bid ’em clap.
The epilogue in a play, at its best, is a witty piece intended to send the audience home in good humour. Its form in English theatre during the Renaissance was established by Ben Jonson in Cynthia’s Revels (c. 1600). Jonson’s epilogues typically asserted the merits of his play and defended it from anticipated criticism.
The heyday of the epilogue (together with the prologue) in the English theatre was the Restoration period. From 1660 to the reign of Queen Anne (1702–14), few plays were produced in London without an epilogue. The widespread use of dramatic epilogues declined after the 18th century, although they persisted into the 21st century.