Shitala, Indian goddess of smallpox and of other infectious diseases. She is worshipped under this name throughout the regions of South Asia in which Indo-Aryan languages are spoken. In India she is widely worshipped in the rural areas of West Bengal state. In much of Dravidian-speaking India, a goddess called Mariamma possesses similar disease-causing powers. Although temples to Shitala are found in various places in North India, including Varanasi (Benares), her mythology is highly elaborated in West Bengal and Bangladesh, where mangal-kavya (“auspicious poems”) in Bengali, dating mainly from the 18th and 19th centuries, describe the appearance of the goddess among mortals, their rejection of her, and the smallpox epidemics that she visited upon them. She is worshipped in villagewide rites mainly in the dry weather of winter and spring, the seasons most favourable to smallpox transmission.