Esztergom, town, Komárom-Esztergom megye (county), northwestern Hungary. It is a river port on the Danube River (which at that point forms the frontier with Slovakia) and lies 25 miles (40 km) northwest of Budapest. The various forms of its name all refer to its importance as a grain market. It is at the western end of the valley cut by the Danube between the Pilis and Börzsöny hills, which divides the Little Alfold (Little Hungarian Plain) from the Great Alfold (Great Hungarian Plain).
Esztergom was the capital and royal residence of the early Árpád princes and kings and successive Hungarian kings until the mid-13th century. Stephen I was born in the town and crowned there in 1000. The archbishopric is the oldest in Hungary, dating from 1001; it moved to Trnava during the Turkish occupation (1543–1683) and returned in 1820. The town has long been the centre of Roman Catholicism in Hungary, and its archbishops are primate cardinals (since 1991 the archdiocese has been known as Esztergom-Budapest). Esztergom’s fortress, last restored in the 18th century, is still largely intact atop Várhegy (Castle Hill). The town’s great cathedral (built 1822–60), modeled on St. Peter’s in Rome, overlooks the Danube and is the largest church in Hungary, the outside height of the cupola being 348 feet (106 metres). It is on the site of St. Stephen’s original cathedral (1010). The treasury of the cathedral has a rich collection of medieval goldsmiths’ work and a textile collection. The former primate’s palace, the Christian Museum, has a rich painting collection. The Castle Museum has relics of the royal palace from the 10th to the12th century, a major period of construction. Other museums include the Balassa Bálint Museum and the Danube Museum.
The town also has many fine Baroque houses. In 1895 a bridge connecting Esztergom with Štúrovo, Slovakia, opened; however, it was destroyed in 1944 and not rebuilt until 2001. After World War II, industries were developed. Manufactures include automobiles, electronics, and optical products. Pop. (2011) 28,926; (2017 est.) 27,979.