Symphonic Dances, Op. 45, symphony for orchestra by Russian composer Sergey Rachmaninoff that premiered in the United States in 1940 and was the last of his major compositions. Rachmaninoff had left his homeland forever soon after the Russian Revolution of 1917. Symphonic Dances was first performed by the Philadelphia Orchestra with conductor Eugene Ormandy, to whom the piece was dedicated.
After the driving energy of the work’s first movement comes a melancholy waltz movement. It is followed in the third and final movement by another burst of intensity, this time echoing the ancient Dies irae (“Day of Wrath”) theme from the Roman Catholic requiem mass. That same plainchant can also be heard in one of the composer’s most famous works: his Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini. Rachmaninoff also used extracts from Russian Orthodox chants, and he quoted sections of many of his own pieces, notably his Symphony No. 1 (1897), a work that nearly ruined his career when its premiere failed at the hands of an inebriated conductor.