fan-tan, bank gambling game of Chinese origin, dating back at least 2,000 years and introduced in the western United States in the second half of the 19th century by Chinese immigrant workers.
Fan-tan is played mainly in East Asia, where it can be found in casinos and gambling houses, and among Chinese communities elsewhere, though occasionally it has been offered in casinos in Nevada. A square is laid out in the centre of a table, its sides marked 1, 2, 3, and 4. The players put their bets on any of these numbers, after which the banker rings a bell to terminate the betting and empties onto the table a double handful of small coins, beans, buttons, or other small objects (numbering about 200), which he covers with a metal bowl. He then segregates about 60–100 of them with a smaller cup, after which he rapidly removes the remaining objects four at a time with a small bamboo stick until four or fewer are left. This is the winning number; if four coins remain, the number 4 wins, and so on. A winning bet is traditionally paid off at 3 for 1 (for each unit staked, the winning player receives his bet back plus 2 units), a huge advantage of 25 percent for the bank. In its modern casino version, a winning bet is instead paid off at 4 for 1, minus a commission, which usually is 5 percent. Other types of bets are also permitted in casinos, such as on odd or even numbers. Fan-tan should not be confused with the sequential card game fan-tan.