Tammy Baldwin (born February 11, 1962, Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.) is an American politician who was elected as a Democrat to the U.S. Senate in 2012 and began representing Wisconsin in that body the following year; she was the first openly gay senator. Baldwin previously served in the U.S. House of Representatives (1999–2013).
Baldwin was raised by her grandparents in West Madison, Wisconsin. She attended Smith College, graduating with bachelor’s degrees (1984) in government and mathematics. She then studied law at the University of Wisconsin. While a student there, Baldwin was a member of the Madison city council (1986), and she later served on the Dane County Board of Supervisors (1986–94). After earning a legal degree in 1989, she also practiced law for several years.
In 1992 Baldwin was elected to the Wisconsin State Assembly, and she took office the following year. In 1998 she successfully ran for the U.S. House of Representatives, where she served from 1999 to 2013. She garnered attention for her opposition to the repeal of the Glass-Steagall Act, which required banks and investment brokerages to be separate entities, and for her leadership in helping guide the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA; 2010) through committee and to a vote. In addition, Baldwin cowrote the PPACA provision allowing young adults to remain on a parent’s health care policy until the age of 26. She also sponsored measures aimed at tax policy and student-loan reform.
In 2012 Baldwin ran for the U.S. Senate, defeating a former governor of Wisconsin, Tommy Thompson, and four other candidates. After entering the Senate in 2013, she typically took moderate to liberal positions. She was particularly active in sponsoring and amending legislation having to do with marriage equality, cyberbullying, and the rights of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender individuals. Baldwin also took a strong interest in veterans affairs.
During the 2016 presidential election, Baldwin campaigned for Hillary Clinton, who ultimately lost to Donald Trump. The senator was critical of Trump and subsequently opposed many of his policies. Although considered vulnerable, Baldwin easily won a second term in 2018. The following year Trump was impeached by the House of Representatives after he allegedly withheld aid to Ukraine in order to pressure the country into opening a corruption investigation into Joe Biden (in 2020 Biden became the Democratic presidential nominee). The Senate trial was held in early 2020, and Baldwin voted for Trump’s conviction, though the president was acquitted in an almost party-line vote. Shortly thereafter schools and businesses began closing across the country due to the coronavirus pandemic, and the economy entered a downturn that rivaled the Great Depression. Baldwin, who was critical of the Trump administration’s response to the crisis, supported various relief measures, including those that addressed child care and education. Baldwin was reelected to the U.S. Senate in 2024 after narrowly defeating Republican challenger Eric Hovde.