Virginia Tech shooting, school shooting at the Blacksburg, Virginia, campus of Virginia Tech on April 16, 2007, that left 33 people dead, including the shooter, Seung-Hui Cho. It was one of the deadliest mass shootings in the United States.
Cho, who was born in South Korea but later moved to the United States, was a senior at the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (commonly known as Virginia Tech). He had a history of mental illness. In November 2005 he received the first of several consultations with the university’s counseling centre. The following month he was briefly held at a psychiatric hospital after a roommate feared he was suicidal. While there Cho was diagnosed with a mood disorder. Following his release, a court found him to be a danger to himself, and he was ordered to undergo outpatient treatment. University counselors noted that he was “troubled,” but he expressed no homicidal thoughts. After 2005 Cho had no known contact with any mental health service.
In February and March 2007 Cho purchased several guns. At approximately 7:15 am on April 16, he began his attack, fatally shooting a student and a resident adviser at a dormitory. Believing that it was a “domestic homicide” and that the assailant was no longer in the area, the university did not undertake security measures or notify students of the shooting for more than two hours. At around 9:00 am, Cho mailed a package to NBC News in New York City. The contents included a manifesto, photographs of him holding various weapons, and a DVD featuring short videos of Cho. Armed with two guns and some 400 rounds of ammunition, he resumed his attack 45 minutes later, killing 30 people at Norris Hall. At approximately 10:00 am police stormed the building, at which point Cho took his own life. In addition to the 33 deaths, 17 people suffered gunshot wounds, and a number of others were injured trying to escape, notably jumping from windows. The attack was then the deadliest mass shooting in modern U.S. history; it was surpassed in 2016 when 49 people were killed at a nightclub in Orlando, Florida.
In the subsequent investigation, officials researched Cho’s mental history, with some speculating that he suffered from schizophrenia. His handling by both state and university mental health services also came under scrutiny. Virginia Tech counselors claimed to be unaware that Cho had been ordered to undergo outpatient treatment. Law enforcement also examined the package sent to NBC News. In the materials, Cho, who often rambled and was at times incoherent, expressed anger and claimed, “You forced me into a corner and gave me only one option. The decision was yours.” He referred to Virginia Tech students as “brats” and “snobs,” and he also talked about “martyrs like Eric and Dylan,” the shooters responsible for the mass shooting at Columbine High School in 1999. However, no clear explanation for the shootings was offered, and officials found the material to have “little investigative value.”
In 2008 Virginia reached an $11 million settlement with many of the victims’ families. However, two families rejected the offer and sued the state and its employees at Virginia Tech—which was a public institution—for wrongful death, claiming the university failed to promptly issue a campuswide alert. The case eventually reached the U.S. Supreme Court, which ruled in 2013 that Virginia Tech was not negligent.
The attack renewed calls for improved mental health services, and it fueled the continuing debate over stricter gun controls. In the weeks after the shootings, Virginia Gov. Tim Kaine notably signed an executive order that closed a loophole which allowed people who were declared mentally ill to still purchase guns. However, other gun-control proposals—notably background checks on those purchasing guns at shows—were unsuccessful, and in the ensuing years Virginia passed several laws that increased gun rights.