Fitzgerald, city, seat (1906) of Ben Hill county, south-central Georgia, U.S., about 80 miles (130 km) south of Macon. It was settled in 1895 after the governor of Georgia, William J. Northern, sponsored a relief train to Midwesterners suffering from a severe drought. Philander H. Fitzgerald of Indianapolis, Indiana, in response to the governor, suggested founding a town in Georgia for American Civil War, mainly Union, veterans. The American Tribune Soldiers Colony Company was organized and purchased land near Swan, a tiny lumber camp. The town was laid out symmetrically with street names honouring both North and South.
Fitzgerald is now an agricultural marketing centre (cotton, tobacco, and peanuts [groundnuts]); its diversified manufactures include textiles and apparel, lumber and wood products, metal products, and mobile homes and trailers. Jefferson Davis Memorial State Historic Site, which marks the place where Davis was captured by Union troops in 1865, is about 5 miles (8 km) to the southwest. Inc. 1896. Pop. (2000) 8,758; (2010) 9,053.