Foggia, city, Puglia (Apulia) regione (region), southeastern Italy, in the centre of the Puglia Tableland, west-northwest of Barletta.
Foggia is believed to have been founded by the inhabitants of Arpi (also called Argyrippa, Greek Argos Hippion), a Greek and Roman town that declined after the Second Punic War (3rd century bc); the ruins of Arpi are a short distance north. Foggia may have been named for local pits or cellars (Latin foveae; still called fogge) that are used either for grain storage or to supply drinking water for sheep. It was a favourite seat of the Holy Roman emperor Frederick II, who had the town’s fortifications dismantled after it supported the pope in the latter’s struggle with him. It passed to Charles I of Anjou, king of Naples and Sicily, who died there in 1285. From 1447 to 1806 it was the centre for collection of the sheep tax on flocks migrating between highlands and plains. After the restoration following the Napoleonic Wars, it became a centre for Carbonari revolutionary societies and took a vigorous part in the revolts of 1820, 1848, and 1860 against the Kingdom of Naples. The capture of the Foggia military airfields in 1943 was an important action in consolidating the Allied position in southern Italy in World War II.
Partially destroyed by an earthquake in 1731 and severely damaged in World War II, Foggia has been rebuilt along modern lines. Only a door remains of Frederick II’s palace, but the cathedral, begun by William II the Good, king of Sicily, with Baroque alterations, survives. There are a museum, a picture gallery, and a library, the archives of which include those of the sheep tax.
Foggia lies on the main railway from Bologna to Bari and is also connected by rail with Naples. A major wool market for centuries, Foggia is also an important agricultural centre for the wheat, vegetables, olives, grapes, fruit, tobacco, and cheese of the Puglia Tableland. In addition to food industries, there are cellulose and paper mills. Pop. (2004 est.) 154,792.