Tintagel Castle, castle ruins and archaeological site near Tintagel, Cornwall, England, U.K. The castle, with its dramatic clifftop setting above the rocks and foaming breakers of the north Cornish coast, has long been associated with Arthurian legend.
Artifacts from the the time of Roman rule in Britain have been found on the site, but no evidence of building. A building did stand on the site beween about 350 and 850 CE that was once thought to be a Celtic Christian monastery but is now thought to be more likely associated with Dumnonian royalty and rich international trade. Today’s ruined keep was built in the 13th century by Richard, Earl of Cornwall, a younger brother of King Henry III. It is on the site of a stronghold of previous earls going back to the 1140s.
There could hardly be a more suitable stronghold for the birthplace of the legendary King Arthur. It was there, the enduring legend (begun by Geoffrey of Monmouth) has it, that Merlin, the great enchanter, turned King Uther Pendragon into the likeness of the lord of the castle so that the king could enjoy his beautiful wife, Igraine. That night she conceived Arthur. Rocks below the castle have been given names like Arthur’s Chair, and, perhaps inevitably, there is also a Merlin’s Cave. Tintagel is also home to an earlier enduring romantic legend, that of Tristan and Isolde, and it is possible that that legend inspired Richard of Cornwall to build his castle there.