edamame, Japanese dish consisting of fresh, green soybeans that have been boiled or steamed in their pods, seasoned with salt, and served as an appetizer or as street food.
In Japanese edamame means “bean branch,” referring to the practice street vendors of old would use in cooking soybeans, a bushy green legume, on their stems, which could then be easily held in order to eat the beans as a snack while standing or walking. The word is attested to in Japanese literature as early as the 1630s, although, because soybeans have been cultivated in Japan for more than 2,000 years (and in their native China for at least 5,000 years), it is likelier of far more ancient vintage.
Before the importation of beef, beginning in the late 18th century, the Japanese people derived most of their protein from a diet of fish and soybeans. Soybeans rank high among protein-rich vegetables, containing all the amino acids required for human survival as well as high levels of dietary fibre and minerals such as potassium, magnesium, and iron. They have also been endorsed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and other health agencies worldwide for a variety of health benefits, including lowering blood cholesterol and reducing rates of coronary disease, diabetes, stroke, and numerous forms of cancer.
Today soybeans in various forms are associated with the “fifth taste” (the other four: sweet, sour, salty, and bitter) called umami (a long-lasting, tongue-coating, meaty taste rich in glutamate, often causing salivation), from the Japanese words describing the essential nature of a food. This much-desired umami is strongest in popular Japanese fermented soy-based foods such as miso, tempeh, natto (fermented soybeans), and shoyu (soy sauce), less so in tofu and edamame, though still agreeably present. Edamame properly prepared will also have a chewy, al dente quality.
Made of the highest-grade soybeans (in the United States, grade 1), edamame is served as an appetizer all year long in Japanese restaurants around the world. In Japan, edamame as a separate snack is associated with time spent outdoors in summer, often enjoyed with a crisp, cold beer.