Nude (1917), oil painting created in 1917 by Italian painter and sculptor Amedeo Modigliani, one of dozens of nudes that he painted between 1916 and 1919. These nudes are among the most important portraits of the 20th century.
Modigliani was born in Livorno, Italy. He briefly attended art classes at Scuola Libera di Nudo (the Free School of Nude Studies) in Florence, and then at the Instituto per le Belle Arti in Venice. In 1906, he moved to Paris and worked with the artistic community in Montmartre. There, he discovered works by Paul Gauguin, Paul Cézanne, and Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec—all of whom became major influences on his work. Three years later, Modigliani was introduced to the sculptor Constantin Brancusi, who remained a close friend and an important artistic inspiration. From 1909 to 1914, Modigliani concentrated on sculpture, and the aesthetic interest he developed for that art carried over to his later paintings. Modigliani exhibited during the Salon d’Automne in 1907 and 1912 and at the Salon des Indépendants in 1908, 1910, and 1911.
At the end of 1917, Modigliani’s first (and only) solo exhibition was organized at the Berthe Weill Gallery in Paris. His luscious nudes provoked a scandal that led to the closure of the show by the Parisian police only a few hours after its opening. The Italian artist asked his close entourage to pose for his portraits, but he used models for these nude paintings. In Nude the influence of primitive art can be clearly observed, in particular by Modigliani’s treatment of the elongated, masklike face. But this image also demonstrates how well aware he was of the previous artistic tradition: the pose of this naked, reclining model recalls Titian’s Venus of Urbino and Francisco Goya’s The Naked Maja, among other famous works.