Prismes Électriques, Orphist oil painting created in 1914 by Russian-born artist Sonia Delaunay. This painting is an icon of the full and mature expression of Orphism.
Delaunay was born in Gradizhsk, Ukraine (then in the Russian Empire) and grew up in St. Petersburg before moving to Paris in 1905, where she met and married Robert Delaunay in 1910. They were among the artists who developed Orphism, a style of painting that was closely related to Futurism and Cubism and emerged at the same time, although it was generally more abstract and colourful. Orphism was named after Orpheus, the mythological Greek poet and musician, by the poet Guillaume Apollinaire, who saw links with the harmonious overlapping planes of bright, contrasting colours and harmonies in music. Orphism was also called Simultanism, as it combined geometric forms, bold patterns and intense colour simultaneously.
In 1914, Paris was gradually replacing its hazy gas street lamps with bright electric ones. Inspired by the nature of light, especially the way in which light from these new electric lamps distorted into prisms and halos as it fell onto the streets, Sonia Delaunay painted Prismes Électriques (“Electric Prisms”). The work emphasizes luminosity and vibrant colour with rhythmic circles of light, evoking movement and depth. By layering colour and pattern, the artist suggests action and excitement, in contrast to the static composition and subdued palette of Cubism. She produced many studies for this piece, using crayons, cut papers, watercolour, and oil paints, and Prismes Électriques was originally exhibited in the Salon des Indépendants.