Ghazipur, city, southeastern Uttar Pradesh state, northern India. It is located on the Ganges (Ganga) River near the border with Bihar state, about 40 miles (65 km) northeast of Varanasi (Benares). Pop. (2001) 95,356; (2011) 110,587.
Its ancient name of Gadhipur was changed to Ghazipur about 1330, reputedly in honour of Ghāzī Malik, a Muslim ruler of the Tughluq dynasty. The town was a strategically important river port under the British, whose former cantonment (military base) now contains a college, a church, a bazaar, and the mausoleum of Lord Cornwallis, the British governor-general of India when he died there in 1805. Ghazipur became known in the 19th century for the production of opium, which is still made there legally.
The city is an agricultural market with some industry, which, in addition to the manufacture of opium, includes perfume making and hand-loom weaving. The city lies on a major road and two railways. The surrounding region is a tract of alluvial plain traversed by the Ganges River. It is subject to frequent floods and droughts but produces a variety of crops, including opium poppies.