Ellen Glasgow (born April 22, 1873, Richmond, Va., U.S.—died Nov. 21, 1945, Richmond) was an American novelist whose realistic depictions of life in her native Virginia helped direct Southern literature away from sentimentality and nostalgia.
Glasgow, the daughter of a wealthy and socially prominent family with Old Virginia roots on her mother’s side, was educated mainly at home because of her delicate health. In 1897 she anonymously published her first novel, The Descendant. It was followed by Phases of an Inferior Planet (1898). With The Voice of the People (1900) she began a series of novels depicting, with what she intended to be Zolaesque realism, the social and political history of Virginia since 1850. The series continued in The Battle-Ground (1902), The Deliverance (1904), The Romance of a Plain Man (1909), The Miller of Old Church (1911), Virginia (1913), Life and Gabriella (1916), and One Man in His Time (1922). Other books of that period were The Wheel of Life (1906), The Ancient Law (1908), The Builders (1919), and The Shadowy Third and Other Stories (1923).
Genuine critical success came with Barren Ground (1925), which had a grimly tragic theme set in rural Virginia, as did the later Vein of Iron (1935). With a brilliant and increasingly ironic treatment, Glasgow examined the decay of Southern aristocracy and the trauma of the encroachment of modern industrial civilization in three comedies of manners—The Romantic Comedians (1926), They Stooped to Folly (1929), and The Sheltered Life (1932). Her last novel, In This Our Life (1941), had a similar theme and, although not her best work, was awarded a Pulitzer Prize. She had been awarded (1940) the Howells Medal of the American Academy of Arts and Letters. In 1943 Glasgow published a collection of critical essays entitled A Certain Measure. Her memoirs were published posthumously, in 1954, as The Woman Within, and in 1966 an epilogue to In This Our Life was at last published as Beyond Defeat.