Greenfield, town (township), Franklin county, northwestern Massachusetts, U.S. It lies on the Connecticut River, 36 miles (58 km) north of Springfield and about 12 miles (19 km) south of the Vermont state border. It was occupied in 1686 as the Green River Settlement, then part of Deerfield, and was separately incorporated in 1753. In the early 19th century the town was designated the county seat (1811), and it became a manufacturing centre. Light industries are still important, although the economy is now based on services (including health care), trade, insurance, and tourism. Greenfield Community College was established in 1962. The town is at the eastern terminus of the Mohawk Trail scenic highway. Area 22 square miles (57 square km). Pop. (2000) 18,168; (2010) 17,456.