Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, resolution put before the U.S. Congress by President Lyndon B. Johnson on August 5, 1964, during the Vietnam War. Johnson presented it as a response to two allegedly unprovoked attacks in the Gulf of Tonkin by North Vietnamese torpedo boats on the U.S. destroyers Maddox and Turner Joy on August 2 and August 4, respectively. Passage of the resolution led to the direct involvement of the U.S. in the Vietnam War.
Both houses of Congress passed the resolution on August 7, the House of Representatives by 414 votes to none and the Senate by a vote of 88 to 2. Johnson signed it on August 10.
The purpose of the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution was, as it stated, for Congress to approve and support “the determination of the President, as Commander in Chief, to take all necessary measures to repel any armed attack against the forces of the United States and to prevent further aggression.” It also declared that “[t]he United States regards as vital to its national interest and to world peace the maintenance of international peace and security in Southeast Asia.”
The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution served as the principal constitutional authorization for the subsequent vast escalation of the United States’ military involvement in the Vietnam War. It was based on misinterpretation of reports describing actions taken by U.S. and North Vietnamese vessels during what came to be known as the Gulf of Tonkin incident.
Several years later, as the American public became increasingly disillusioned with the Vietnam War, many in Congress came to see the resolution as giving the president a blanket power to wage war, and it was repealed in 1970.