al-Hamadhānī (born 969, Ecbatana [now Hamadan, Iran]—died 1008, Herāt, Ghaznavid Afghanistan) was an Arabic-language author famed for the introduction of the maqāmah (“assembly”) form in literature.
Al-Hamadhānī achieved an early success through a public debate with Abū Bakr al-Khwarizmī, a leading savant, in Nīshāpūr. He subsequently traveled throughout the area occupied today by Iran and Afghanistan before settling in Herāt and marrying. Al-Hamadhānī is credited with the composition of 400 maqāmahs (Arabic plural maqāmāt), of which some 52 are extant (Eng. trans. by W.J. Prendergast, The Maqámát of Badíʿ al-Zamán al-Hamadhānī, 1915). Those maqāmat are written in a combination of prose, rhymed prose (sajʿ), and poetry and recount typically the encounters of the narrator ʿIsā ibn Hishām with Abū al-Fatḥ al-Iskandarī, a witty orator and talented poet who roams in search of fortune unencumbered by Islamic conventions of honour.