Ḥanafī school, in Islam, one of the four Sunni schools of religious law, incorporating the legal opinions of the ancient Iraqi schools of Kūfah. The Ḥanafī legal school (madhhab) developed from the teachings of the theologian Imām Abū Ḥanīfah (c. 700–767) as spread by his disciples Abū Yūsuf (died 798) and Muḥammad al-Shaybānī (749/750–805) and became the dominant system of Islamic administration for the ʿAbbāsids and Ottomans. Although the Ḥanafī school acknowledges the Qurʾān and the Hadith (narratives concerning the Prophet Muhammad’s life and sayings) as primary sources of law, it is noted for its extensive reliance on systematic reasoning (raʾy) in the absence of precedent. The school currently predominates in Central Asia, India, Pakistan, Turkey, and the countries of the former Ottoman Empire.