Hargeysa, city, northwestern Somalia, and the capital of the Republic of Somaliland, a self-declared independent state without international recognition. Hargeysa is located in an enclosed valley of the Galgodon (Ogo) highlands, at an elevation of 4,377 feet (1,334 metres). During the Somalian civil war that began in the 1980s, Hargeysa was severely damaged; much of the city was reduced to rubble, and most of the population fled. A large number have since returned, and much of Hargeysa has been rebuilt.
In the past, Hargeysa was quite prosperous. The region has a fairly equable climate, and Hargeysa was originally the summer capital of former British Somaliland, of which it became the permanent administrative centre in 1941. No large industries developed, but the city became an important watering and trading locus for the nomadic stock herders who formed the majority of the population. Meat, livestock, skins, and ghee are exported through Berbera, 117 miles (188 km) northeast, on the Gulf of Aden. The city is served by an international airport and is home to the University of Hargeisa (2000). There are no definitive sources of population figures for Hargeysa. Although the city government estimated the population to be 1,200,000 in 2000, estimates from other sources are considerably lower.