Hitachi, city, northeastern Ibaraki ken (prefecture), northeastern Honshu, Japan. It lies on the Pacific Ocean coast, about 25 miles (40 km) southwest of Kitaibaraki.
The area’s industrial development began with the discovery of copper nearby in 1591. Large-scale copper smelting was introduced during the Meiji period (1868–1912), and after 1920 the Hitachi Company, Ltd. (now Hitachi, Ltd.), diversified into the production of electrical appliances and machinery. Between 1907 and 1938 Hitachi’s population increased tenfold. The company town prospered—particularly after the Tokyo-Yokohama (Great Kantō) earthquake of 1923, when it filled a manufacturing void after many factories in the Keihin Industrial Zone had been destroyed. Hitachi suffered heavy damage from Allied bombing during World War II, but its postwar recovery was rapid. Its mine continued to yield copper that was made into electric wires and rolled-copper products until it closed in the early 1980s.
Its harbour, completed in 1960, is the largest commercial port in the prefecture. The city and port area sustained some damage from the severe earthquake and resulting tsunami that struck northeastern Japan in March 2011, but recovery from the event was rapid. Pop. (2010) 193,129; (2015) 185,054.