Hobart
Hobart, largest city, chief port, and capital of Tasmania, Australia. Located in the southeastern corner of the state on the west bank of the River Derwent estuary (2 miles [3 km] wide), 12 miles (19 km) above its mouth, the city ranges along steep foothills with Mount Wellington (4,167 feet [1,270 metres]), often snow-covered, in the near background. Hobart is Australia’s most southerly city. The British navigator George Bass explored the estuary in 1798 and was much impressed with the setting. Five years later, Philip Gidley King, governor of New South Wales, in an attempt to prevent French incursions into districts not yet under direct British control, dispatched a lieutenant to establish a settlement at Risdon Cove on the Derwent. It was named Hobart Town after Robert Hobart, 4th earl of Buckinghamshire, then secretary of state for the colonies. In 1804 the settlement was moved to the city’s present site, Sullivans Cove. By the mid-19th century the community had become a major port for ships whaling in the southern oceans, but its development was being arrested by the limited resources that the Tasmanian island offered in comparison with the mainland. It was gazetted an episcopal city in 1842, a municipality in 1852, and a secular city in 1857.
Hobart has an excellent deepwater port unhampered by tidal changes. That—coupled with rail lines (freight only) to the north and northwest, the junction of the Channel, Midland, Huon, and Tasman highways, and an airport—makes it a focus of communications and trade. Industry in the metropolitan area declined after the 1970s, but those remaining in the early 21st century included a zinc smelter on the Derwent and newsprint mills. Tourism makes a significant contribution to the local economy.
The city has Anglican and Roman Catholic cathedrals and the oldest Jewish synagogue in Australia (1843–45). It is the site of the University of Tasmania (1890), several other colleges, Parliament House, the state library, and the Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery. Nearby recreation areas include Wrest Point Casino (the first legal casino in Australia), Mount Wellington, the Nelson Range (southwest), and the beach resort of Bellerive. The annual Sydney-Hobart yacht race, which takes place on Boxing Day (December 26), finishes near Castray Esplanade, on the west bank of the Derwent estuary. Suburbs have spread up the west shore of the estuary and to the east shore, to which the city is linked by the Tasman Bridge (1965) and the Bowen Bridge (1984). Pop. (2006) local government area, 47,700; urban agglom., 200,525; (2011) local government area, 48,703; greater capital city statistical area, 211,656.