Independence, city, seat (1870) of Montgomery county, southeastern Kansas, U.S. Independence lies on the Verdigris River, near Elk City Lake (dammed for flood control and irrigation). It was founded in 1869 by a company that purchased a portion of an Osage Indian reservation. The town had temporary economic booms with the discoveries of natural gas in 1881 and oil fields in 1903. Independence is now a trade and processing centre for agricultural products (wheat and beef and dairy cattle) and for the production of oil and natural gas. Cement, boats, machinery, and electronic equipment are manufactured. Independence Community College was established in 1925. Nearby is Montgomery State Fishing Lake and Elk City State Park. The official Little House on the Prairie historic site, a small log cabin reconstructed on the foundation of the original house to resemble that found in Laura Ingalls Wilder’s famous book, is located 13 miles (21 km) southwest of the city. Former Independence residents include Alfred M. Landon, U.S. presidential candidate in 1936, and playwright William Inge. Inc. 1870. Pop. (2000) 9,846; (2010) 9,483.