Independence, city, seat of Jackson county, western Missouri, U.S., immediately east of Kansas City. It is the hometown of President Harry S. Truman (who was born at Lamar, 100 miles [160 km] south). Settled in 1827, the county was named for Andrew Jackson, and the community of Independence was named the county seat in that year. Near the western terminus of transportation on the Missouri River, Independence was the starting point for the Santa Fe, Oregon, and California trails and later became a rendezvous for wagon trains to the California gold mines. Mormon settlers arrived in 1831, but local resentment drove them out in 1833. During the American Civil War, the city was occupied by Union troops and was the scene of two skirmishes with Confederates.
Higher-education opportunities are found at the Independence campuses of Graceland University, Park University, and Blue River Community College, as well as at several vocational and technical schools. The Harry S. Truman Library and Museum (1957), housing the former president’s private papers and mementos, has a Thomas Hart Benton mural, Independence and the Opening of the West; Truman’s grave is in the courtyard. His mid-19th-century Victorian home and his courtroom and office are preserved. The Auditorium in Independence (completed 1962) is the centrepiece of the world headquarters of the Community of Christ (formerly the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints). Exhibits at the National Frontier Trails Center chronicle western migration. The city’s economy relies primarily on services and retail trade. Inc. 1849. Pop. (2010) 116,830; (2020) 123,011.