Iwaki, city, southeastern Fukushima ken (prefecture), northern Honshu, Japan. The city is located on the Abukuma Plateau and the alluvial plains of the Natsui and Same rivers, which slope south and east until they reach the Pacific Ocean. The city was created in the mid-1960s when a then much smaller Iwaki city merged with 13 adjacent communities, and it grew to be the most populous city in the prefecture. However, its population has declined since the 1990s and is now roughly comparable to that of Kōriyama to the northwest.
Iwaki is divided into several districts that correspond to the former communities. The northern section, which is known as Taira, was a castle town during the Edo (Tokugawa) period (1603–1867); it now functions as the city centre. The Nakoso, Jōban, and Shikura districts were post towns. Beginning with the first exploitation of the Jōban coal mines in the late 19th century, the entire city was dominated by the mining industry. Output declined after 1951, however, and after the 1970s the mines in the west remained in operation only for a short time longer.
Chemical and petrochemical industries have developed, especially around Onahama district. A variety of crops are grown in the rural areas, and fishing and forestry are also important. In addition, the city is known for its hot springs resorts, which are among the oldest in Japan. Iwaki and the surrounding region were devastated by the severe earthquake and subsequent tsunami that struck the vicinity on March 11, 2011. Area 475 square miles (1,231 square km). Pop. (2005) 354,492; (2010) 342,249.