Kaahumanu (born c. 1772, Maui, Hawaii [U.S.]—died June 5, 1832, Manoa Valley, Honolulu, Hawaii) was the favourite queen of Kamehameha I and acting regent of Hawaii in 1823–32.
Kaahumanu was of distinguished parentage, her mother having been married to the late king of Maui. Early in life she was betrothed to Kamehameha I, whom her father had served as counselor. They married and had a stormy but enduring relationship. She supported him in his efforts to unite the islands of the archipelago under his central authority and shared largely in their governance.
After her husband’s death in 1819, Kaahumanu became kuhina nui (premier) to his successor, Liholiho Kamehameha II, and instigated many reforms. She worked in particular to overcome the taboos placed on women in the islanders’ traditional religion and scored a major victory in persuading Kamehameha II to eat publicly with women. She encouraged the Protestant missionaries from New England who began arriving in 1820 and learned to read and write from them.
When Liholiho went to England in 1823, Kaahumanu was appointed regent until Kaukeouali Kamehameha III should come of age. To ensure the Kamehameha line, she married the two leading contenders for the throne, King Kuamalii of Kauai and his son. She worked closely with the Christian missionaries and was baptized in 1825, after which she was known as the “New Kaahumanu.” She traveled much among the islands, promoting the evangelizing and educational work of the missionaries.