Kagoshima, city and ken (prefecture), southernmost Kyushu, Japan, including the island groups of Ōsumi, Tokara, and Amami. Kagoshima prefecture’s southern coast is deeply indented by Kagoshima Bay. Sakura Island (Sakura-jima), with its active volcano On-take, originally was a true island in the bay until an eruption in 1914 connected it to the eastern shore of the mainland. Rough topography, volcanic-ash soil, and relative isolation limit agriculture to grains, tobacco, and sweet potatoes. Forests in the interior are exploited, and coastal fishing is important. Industry is based on processed foodstuffs, woodworking, and traditional handicrafts. The custom of not washing a man’s clothes at the same time as a woman’s has persisted since feudal times in some of the villages. Kagoshima city, the prefectural capital, is the economic, cultural, and transport centre of southern Kyushu. Located on Kagoshima Bay opposite Sakura Island, it is sometimes called the “Naples of the Orient.” The Amami-guntō are Japan’s only subtropical region, producing tropical fruits, sugarcane, camphor, and betel nuts. Kagoshima city has a university founded in 1949. Area prefecture, 3,547 square miles (9,187 square km). Pop. (2005) city, 604,367; prefecture, 1,753,179; (2010) city, 605,846; prefecture, 1,706,242.