Nancy Kassebaum (born July 29, 1932, Topeka, Kansas, U.S.) is a U.S. Republican politician who was the first woman to represent Kansas in the U.S. Senate. She served from 1978 to 1997.
Nancy Landon was the daughter of Alfred M. Landon, governor of Kansas and Republican candidate for president in 1936. She studied political science at the University of Kansas (B.A., 1954) and diplomatic history at the University of Michigan (M.A., 1956). In 1956 she married Philip Kassebaum and began serving as vice president of Kassebaum Communications, which operated two radio stations. She also served on the Kansas Governmental Ethics Commission and Kansas Committee on the Humanities, as well as the school board in Maize, Kansas (1972–75).
After separating from her husband in 1975, Kassebaum moved to Washington, D.C., to work for Senator James B. Pearson of Kansas as a caseworker. In 1978 she was elected to replace the retiring Pearson, who was expected to leave office in January 1979. However, he resigned early, and Kassebaum was sworn in on December 23, 1978. At the time, she was the only woman in the Senate.
Kassebaum sat on several committees, including the Budget Committee, the Foreign Relations Committee, and the Committee on Labor and Human Resources. She tackled subjects other Republican politicians shied away from and was known for her resoluteness. Early in her career she supported the Equal Rights Amendment, but her later refusal to support the ratification deadline extension lost her the Kansas Women’s Political Caucus’s support. Kassebaum supported welfare reform, changes in the federal student loan and financial assistance programs, and the National Endowment for the Arts; she also focused on health care issues. In the 1980s she worked toward ending apartheid in South Africa.
In 1996 Kassebaum married former senator Howard Baker of Tennessee. She chose not to seek reelection that year, and she left the Senate in 1997. She later made news as a critic of Republican Pres. Donald Trump and spoke out against divisive politics. In addition, she supported several Democratic candidates, notably Laura Kelly, who was elected governor of Kansas in 2018.