Kawaguchi, city, southwestern Saitama ken (prefecture), east-central Honshu, Japan. It lies on the alluvial plain of the Ara River, just north of Tokyo, and is a major component of the Tokyo-Yokohama metropolitan area.
During the Edo (Tokugawa) period (1603–1867) it was a post town and marketplace, with few industries. The manufacture of metal castings grew rapidly during the early 20th century. Since World War II other industries, such as the manufacture of textiles and precision instruments and brewing, have been introduced. Pop. (2010) 561,506; (2015) 578,112.