Kyburg, countship prominent in medieval Swiss history. The first line of counts of Kyburg, with their seat in the castle of Kyburg just southeast of Winterthur (in the modern canton of Zürich), were influential in German politics from the 1020s; but their male line became extinct in 1078, and their possessions passed to a branch of the Swabian counts of Dillingen. This new line of counts of Kyburg in 1218 inherited a large part of the extensive lands of the deceased dukes of Zähringen in the present German state of Baden-Württemberg, but in 1264 the new line, too, became extinct. Its accumulated possessions were later divided between two branches of the house of Habsburg: those east of Switzerland’s Aar River went to the future German king Rudolf I and, through him, to the successive dukes of Austria; those west of the Aar went to Rudolf’s cousins of the house of Habsburg-Laufenburg. The Austrian part of the Kyburg inheritance passed permanently to Zürich in 1452. The Laufenburg counts of Kyburg joined with the other nobles of the Aargau against Bern and Solothurn in the 14th century but died out early in the 15th, when the Swiss were on the point of overthrowing Habsburg rule in the Aargau.