Gyeongju
Gyeongju, city, North Gyeongsang do (province), southeastern South Korea. It is 17 miles (28 km) inland from the coast of the East Sea (Sea of Japan) and 34 miles (55 km) east of the provincial capital, Daegu.
It was the capital of the Silla kingdom (57 bce–935 ce), and its ancient name was Seorabeol, which means “Capital.” Gyeongju plain, surrounded by a double range of hills and mountains, formed a natural fortress for the city. Gyeongju has hundreds of ancient historical remains such as temples, stone pagodas, imperial mausoleums, mounds, and castle sites; collectively, these were designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 2000. Seokguram, a grotto shrine located on the summit of Mount Toham (2,444 feet [745 meters]) near Bulguk Temple (Bulguk-sa), together designated a World Heritage site in 1995, was built in the 8th century. The city’s national museum is one of the country’s finest, containing many treasures of the Silla kingdom. Gyeongju is one of Korea’s most important tourist attractions. It is connected with Seoul and Busan by rail and highway. Pop. (2020) 261,778.