lammergeier, (Gypaetus barbatus), large eaglelike vulture of the Old World (family Accipitridae), frequently over 1 metre (40 inches) long, with a wingspread of nearly 3 metres (10 feet). The lammergeier inhabits mountainous regions from central Asia and eastern Africa to Spain. It also occurs in the Drakensberg mountain range of South Africa and Lesotho.
Brown above and tawny below, the lammergeier has spots on the breast, black and white stripes on the head, and long bristles on the “chin.” Its eaglelike features are the feathered face and legs, curved beak, strongly prehensile feet, and long curved claws. It usually nests on ledges of cliffs, laying one or two whitish eggs about 10 cm (4 inches) in length. It feeds on carrion, especially bones, which it drops from heights as great as 80 metres (260 feet) onto flat rocks below. The bird thereby obtains access to the marrow of the bones that have broken.
The International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources has listed the species as near threatened since 2014. In Europe and Africa, lammergeiers are absent over large portions of their former range, and this is likely due to the effects of habitat degradation, hunting pressure, and accidental and deliberate poisoning. Lammergeiers that consume livestock carcasses in Asia often ingest residues of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) diclofenac, which is toxic to vultures and lethal in small doses. Ecologists estimate that there are between 2,000 and 10,000 living lammergeiers.