León, provincia (province) in the Castile-León comunidad autónoma (autonomous community), northwestern Spain, consisting of the northern part of the former kingdom of León. In the north are the lofty Cantabrian Mountains, the highest peak of which is the Torrecerredo (8,688 feet [2,648 metres]). The natural regions are El Bierzo, a lowland in the northwest drained by the Sil River, where mining has replaced agriculture; La Montaña; and the Meseta Central (plateau), a dry desert with fertile strips, as along the Orbigo River. The main catchment is the basin of the Esla River, a tributary of the Duero River and site of a large dam at Ricobayo.
León is the leading producer of hops in Spain; other main crops include corn (maize), rye, potatoes, sugar beets, alfalfa (lucerne), and flax. The province also has timber resources (oak, beech, and chestnut), and cattle and sheep are bred. Mineral resources are considerable and include deposits of anthracite, iron, bituminous coal, and mica; Ponferrada is a major coal- and iron-mining area. Factories in León city, the provincial capital, manufacture antibiotics and foodstuffs. Services make up a significant portion of the economy. Area 6,016 square miles (15,581 square km). Pop. (2007 est.) 497,387.