Lexington, county, central South Carolina, U.S. It lies between the North Fork Edisto River to the southwest and the city of Columbia and the Congaree River to the east. The county is also drained by the Saluda River, which is impounded by the Saluda Dam to form Lake Murray. Lexington county’s southernmost portion lies in gently rolling Coastal Plain terrain, the central portions lie in Fall Line hills, and the northern sections, with pine and hardwood forests, fall in the Piedmont.
The region was once the home of Saluda Indians. During the colonial era it included many German settlers in Saxe-Gotha township, one of the South Carolina colony’s original townships. Fort Granby was the site of two battles during the U.S. War of Independence; a trading post in nearby Cayce was alternately held several times by British and American forces. The county was formed in 1804 and named for the Battle of Lexington. After 1950 this suburban region’s population growth was among the most rapid in the state.
The county is prosperous; its per capita income is among the highest in South Carolina, and the unemployment rate among the lowest. Lumbering is important to the economy, as are agriculture (chickens and peaches), health care, and manufacturing (computers, electronic equipment, textiles, steel, and copper). The town of Lexington is the county seat, and the Columbia suburbs of Cayce and West Columbia are the largest cities. Area 701 square miles (1,815 square km). Pop. (2000) 216,031; (2010) 262,391.