Lexington

Lexington, town (township), Middlesex county, eastern Massachusetts, U.S., 11 miles (18 km) northwest of Boston. Settled in 1640 and later organized as the parish of Cambridge Farms, it became an independent township in 1713 and was named for Lexington (now Laxton), England.

The town is traditionally regarded as the site of the first military engagement (April 19, 1775) of the American Revolution (see Lexington and Concord, Battles of). The event is reenacted each April at Lexington Green (called Battle Green Park); the battleground is marked by the Minuteman Statue (1900) and by a boulder and plaque inscribed with Captain John Parker’s words to his men: “Stand your ground; don’t fire unless fired upon, but if they mean to have war, let it begin here.” The town is a feature of Minute Man National Historic Park (1959). The Hancock-Clarke House (1698), Munroe Tavern (1695), and Buckman Tavern (1710) are among colonial buildings that have been preserved. In 1839 the first public normal (teachers’ training) school in the United States was established in Lexington (later moved to Framingham).

In addition to its standing as a tourist center, Lexington has a strong manufacturing sector (infrared systems, avionics, scientific instruments, camera systems, vacuum pumps, and gauges), and a still larger share of employment is provided by high-technology research and by business and financial services. The defense contractor Raytheon is headquartered in Lexington. Many residents work in high-technology industries in the neighboring town (township) of Bedford. Area 17 square miles (44 square km). Pop. (2000) 30,355; (2010) 31,394.