limburgite, dark-coloured volcanic rock that resembles basalt but normally contains no feldspar. It is associated principally with nepheline-basalts and leucite-basalts; it also occurs with monchiquite, from which it is not easily distinguished. Limburgite may occur as flows, sills, or dikes and sometimes contains many cavities.
Limburgite consists essentially of olivine and augite with a brown, glassy groundmass in which a second generation of small augite crystals is commonly found. The principal accessory minerals are titaniferous iron oxides and apatite; in some limburgites, hornblende and biotite are found as large scattered crystals, in others orthoclase or anorthoclase. Rocks of this group are found in considerable quantities, as in the Rhine district of Germany; Bohemia, Czech Republic; Haddington, East Lothian, Scotland; the Auvergne region, France; Spain; Kilimanjaro, Africa; and Brazil.