Lüderitz, town on the Atlantic coast of Namibia (formerly South West Africa). The Portuguese navigator Bartolomeu Dias stopped there in 1487 and named the bay Angra Pequena. Long neglected, it became the first German settlement in South West Africa when a Hamburg merchant, Franz Adolf Lüderitz, began trading operations and persuaded the German government in 1883 to place the territory under German protection. In 1908, during construction of a railway, diamonds were discovered in the Namib desert hinterland. Lüderitz then became a booming mining town in what the German colonial government later established as a huge prohibited zone, Sperrgebiet, where no one may enter without permit, for diamond mining was strictly controlled.
Lüderitz itself is not restricted and is a centre of rock lobster fishing and processing. Ships at the port are served by lighters (small barges). The town receives fresh water from a saltwater-condensing plant. Roads and rails link it to Windhoek, the capital of Namibia, and to the Republic of South Africa. There is a small museum displaying tools of various Khoisan peoples and other archaeological and historical finds. Pop. (2001) constituency, 13,295; (2011) 12,537.