mahalwari system

mahalwari system, one of the three main revenue systems of land tenure in British India, the other two being the zamindar and ryotwari systems. The word mahalwari is derived from the Hindi mahal, meaning a house or, by extension, a district.

For revenue purposes, the name was applied to any compact area containing one or more villages, which were called “estates.” The revenue settlement was made with the estate—hence the term mahalwari—and there were distinct types of assessment. If a zamindar (landowner) held the whole estate, the settlement was with the zamindar; otherwise, payment was exacted from individual cultivators, or ryots.