Malda, town, north-central West Bengal state, northeastern India. It lies just east of the confluence of the Mahananda and Kalindri rivers and is part of the Ingraj Bazar urban agglomeration.
The town rose to prominence as the river port of the Hindu capital of Pandua. During the 18th century it was the seat of prosperous cotton and silk industries. It remains an important distributing centre for rice, jute, and wheat. Historical monuments include the Jāmiʿ Masjid, or Great Mosque (1566), and the landmark Nimasari tower across the river. Constituted a municipality in 1867, it has several colleges affiliated with the University of North Bengal. Rice, jute, legumes, and oilseeds are the chief crops in the surrounding area. Mulberry plantations and mango orchards occupy large areas; mango trade and silk manufacture are the main economic activities. Pop. (2001) 62,959; (2011) 84,012.