Malmö, city and port, seat of Skåne län (county), southern Sweden. It is located across The Sound (Öresund) from Copenhagen, Denmark. The city was the capital of Malmöhus county until the county became part of Skåne county in 1997.
Malmö was originally known as Malmhaug (“Sandpile”). It was chartered in the late 13th century, and during the late Middle Ages its herring trade attracted German merchants from Lübeck, who settled there and named it Elbogen (“Elbow”) for the curve of the coastline at that point. Following its union with Sweden in 1658, the city suffered an economic decline, partly because of the loss of certain trading privileges that it had enjoyed under Danish rule, the many wars between Sweden and Denmark, and poor harbour facilities. By 1730 its population had dwindled to 282. With the building of the harbour in 1775, its fortunes revived somewhat, but it saw no large-scale economic development until the arrival of the railroad after 1856.
Since the mid-19th century, Malmö has been an industrial and transportation centre, and it is now Sweden’s third largest city. Through its busy port pass a wide range of imports and exports. Factories and warehouses have been built on extensive landfill in The Sound. An international airport is located about 19 miles (31 km) east of the city, near Skurup. Malmö is connected with Copenhagen and Zealand by the Öresund Link, a bridge and tunnel system that opened in 2000. Malmö’s historic buildings include Malmöhus (a 16th-century castle and fortress that is now a museum) and the 14th-century St. Peter’s Church (a fine example of early Baltic Gothic architecture). The city is home to Malmö College. Pop. (2020 est.) mun., 347,949.