Malolos, city, south-central Luzon, Philippines. It lies at the head of the Pampanga River delta, near the northern shore of Manila Bay. During a revolt against the U.S. administration in the Philippines, the insurgent congress met there in the Barasoain Church, where they framed the “Malolos Constitution” and proclaimed a republic on January 23, 1899. The insurgent leader, Emilio Aguinaldo, established his headquarters in Malolos, which served as the revolutionary capital until it was captured by U.S. forces in March 1899.
The town is a trading centre for a rice- and vegetable-producing region, with major fishpond-culture areas to the south and west. It is situated on the main highway northward from Manila through the central plain and is bisected by the railway to the Lingayen Gulf (northwest). Bulacan College of Arts and Trades (1904) is located there. Pop. (2000) 175,291; (2010) 234,945.