maquis, scrubland plant community of the Mediterranean region, composed primarily of leathery broad-leaved evergreen shrubs or small trees. Maquis ecosystems occur primarily on the lower slopes of mountains bordering the Mediterranean Sea and are considered part of the Mediterranean vegetation biome, which includes North American chaparral, Chilean matorral, Australian mallee, and the fynbos of South Africa.
Many of the characteristic shrubs of maquis communities are aromatic, such as numerous members of the mint family (Lamiaceae), laurels (Laurus species), and myrtles (Myrtus species). Olives (Olea europaea), carob (Ceratonia siliqua), figs (Ficus carica), and other small trees are scattered throughout the area and often form open forests if undisturbed by humans. Many maquis areas are considered degraded because of overgrazing by livestock and overharvesting.
Garigue, or garrigue, is a related plant community associated with southern France and with poor limestone soils throughout the Mediterranean region.