Mariental, town, south-central Namibia. It lies at an elevation of 3,576 feet (1,090 metres) and is situated 145 miles (232 km) north of Keetmanshoop and 170 miles (274 km) southeast of Windhoek, the national capital. The town and the surrounding area are in a hot, arid region. The eastern sections of the region overlap the western limits of the Kalahari sandveld, where groundwater is difficult to obtain. Near Mariental the sandveld merges with the hardveld (rocky plain) of the Central Highland, an area commonly grazed by Karakul sheep. Named by local Rhenish (German Lutheran) missionaries, Mariental was founded in 1912 as a railway stop between Windhoek and Keetmanshoop. It was proclaimed a town in 1920 and a municipality in 1946. An important economic function of the town is the processing and transport of Karakul skins. The Hardap Dam on the Fish River, 14 miles (22 km) northwest of Mariental, is Namibia’s first large earth-fill dam and supplies electricity and water to the area. Vegetables and citrus fruits are grown in the floodplain below the dam, and its reservoir has been developed as a recreational area for campers, water-skiers, and anglers. Pop. (2001) 11,977; (2011) 12,478.